"Since the start of the satellite era in 1979, the summer Arctic has lost 40% of its extent and up to 70% of its volume, says [Till] Wagner [University of North Carolina Wilmington]. Other scientists calculate the rate of decline at 10,000 tonnes a second. Much of the multiyear ice is now gone. Most of what is left is the younger, thinner layer from the previous winter, which is easier for the sun to melt and the wind to push around. Wagner expects ice-free summers in 20 to 40 years, which would allow ships to cruise all the way to the north pole."
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/...W5Z5YlfZUw
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/...W5Z5YlfZUw